See first: Juju | Action, Juju | How to manage actions
Contents:
Implement the action
Declare the action in charmcraft.yaml
To tell users what actions can be performed on the charm, define an ‘actionssection incharmcraft.yaml` that lists the actions and information about each action. The actions should include a short description that explains what running the action will do. Normally, all parameters that can be passed to the action are also included here, including the type of parameter and any default value. You can also specify that some parameters are required when the action is run.
For example:
actions:
snapshot:
description: Take a snapshot of the database.
params:
filename:
type: string
description: The name of the snapshot file.
compression:
type: object
description: The type of compression to use.
properties:
kind:
type: string
enum:
- gzip
- bzip2
- xz
default: gzip
quality:
description: Compression quality
type: integer
default: 5
minimum: 0
maximum: 9
required:
- filename
additionalProperties: false
See more: File
charmcraft.yaml>actions
Observe the action event and define an event handler
In the src/charm.py file, in the __init__ function of your charm, set up an observer for the action event associated with your action and pair that with an event handler. For example:
self.framework.observe(self.on.grant_admin_role_action, self._on_grant_admin_role_action)
See more: Event
<action name>-action
Now, in the body of the charm definition, define the action event handler. For example:
def _on_grant_admin_role_action(self, event):
"""Handle the grant-admin-role action."""
# Fetch the user parameter from the ActionEvent params dict
user = event.params["user"]
# Do something useful with it
cmd = ["/usr/bin/myapp", "roles", "system_admin", user]
# Set a log message for the action
event.log(f"Running this command: {' '.join(cmd)}")
granted = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True)
if granted.returncode != 0:
# Fail the action if there is an error
event.fail(
f"Failed to run '{' '.join(cmd)}'. Output was:\n{granted.stderr.decode('utf-8')}"
)
else:
# Set the results of the action
msg = f"Ran grant-admin-role for user '{user}'"
event.set_results({"result": msg})
More detail below:
- Use action params
- Report that an action has failed
- Return the results of an action
- Log the progress of an action
- Record the ID of an action task
Use action params
To make use of action parameters, either ones that the user has explicitly passed, or default values, use the params attribute of the event object that is passed to the handler. This is a dictionary of parameter name (string) to parameter value. For example:
def _on_snapshot(self, event: ops.ActionEvent):
filename = event.params["filename"]
…
See more:
ops.ActionEvent.params
Report that an action has failed
To report that an action has failed, in the event handler definition, use the fail() method along with a message explaining the failure to be shown to the person running the action. Note that the fail() method doesn’t interrupt code execution, so you will usually want to immediately follow the call to fail() with a return, rather than continue with the event handler. For example:
def _on_snapshot(self, event: ops.ActionEvent):
filename = event.params['filename']
kind = event.params['compression']['kind']
quality = event.params['compression']['quality']
cmd = ['/usr/bin/do-snapshot', f'--kind={kind}', f'--quality={quality}', filename]
subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True)
if granted.returncode != 0:
event.fail(
f"Failed to run {' '.join(cmd)!r}. Output was:\n{granted.stderr.decode('utf-8')}"
)
…
]
See more:
ops.ActionEvent.fail
Return the results of an action
To pass back the results of an action to the user, use the set_results method of the action event. These will be displayed in the juju run output. For example:
def _on_snapshot(self, event: ops.ActionEvent):
size = self.do_snapshot(event.params['filename'])
event.set_results({'snapshot-size': size})
See more:
ops.ActionEvent.set_results
Log the progress of an action
In a long-running action, to give the user updates on progress, use the .log() method of the action event. This is sent back to the user, via Juju, in real-time, and appears in the output of the juju run command. For example:
def _on_snapshot(self, event: ops.ActionEvent):
event.log('Starting snapshot')
self.snapshot_table1()
event.log('Table1 complete')
self.snapshot_table2()
event.log('Table2 complete')
self.snapshot_table3()
See more:
ops.ActionEvent.log
Record the ID of an action task
When a unique ID is needed for the action task - for example, for logging or creating temporary files, use the .id attribute of the action event. For example:
def _on_snapshot(self, event: ops.ActionEvent):
temp_filename = f'backup-{event.id}.tar.gz'
logger.info("Using %s as the temporary backup filename in task %s", filename, event.id)
self.create_backup(temp_filename)
...
See more:
ops.ActionEvent.id
Test the action
See first: Get started with charm testing
What you need to do depends on what kind of tests you want to write.
Write unit tests
See first: How to write unit tests for a charm
When using Harness for unit tests, use the run_action method to verify that charm actions have the expected behaviour. This method will either raise an ActionFailed exception (if the charm used the event.fail() method) or return an ActionOutput object. These can be used to verify the failure message, logs, and results of the action. For example:
def test_backup_action():
harness = ops.testing.Harness()
harness.begin()
try:
out = harness.run_action('snapshot', {'filename': 'db-snapshot.tar.gz'})
except ops.testing.ActionFailed as e:
assert "Could not backup because" in e.message
else:
assert out.logs == ['Starting snapshot', 'Table1 complete', 'Table2 complete']
assert 'snapshot-size' in out.results
finally:
harness.cleanup()
See more:
ops.testing.Harness.run_action](https://ops.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#ops.testing.Harness.run_action)
Write scenario tests
See first: How to write scenario tests for a charm
When using Scenario for unit tests, to verify that the charm state is as expected after executing an action, use the run_action method of the Scenario Context object. The method returns an ActionOutput object that contains any logs and results that the charm set.
For example:
def test_backup_action():
action = scenario.Action('snapshot', params={'filename': 'db-snapshot.tar.gz'})
ctx = scenario.Context(MyCharm)
out = ctx.run_action(action, scenario.State())
assert out.logs == ['Starting snapshot', 'Table1 complete', 'Table2 complete']
if out.success:
assert 'snapshot-size' in out.results
else:
assert 'Failed to run' in out.failure
See more: Scenario action testing
Write integration tests
See first: How to write integration tests for a charm
To verify that an action works correctly against a real Juju instance, write an integration test with pytest_operator. For example:
async def test_logger(ops_test):
app = ops_test.model.applications[APP_NAME]
unit = app.units[0] # Run the action against the first unit.
action = await unit.run_action('snapshot', filename='db-snapshot.tar.gz')
action = await action.wait()
assert action.status == 'completed'
assert action.results['snapshot-size'].isdigit()
Contributors:@benhoyt, @danieleprocida, @jnsgruk, @michele-mancioppi, @mmkay, @tmihoc, @tony-meyer, @toto
