What I am wondering, is if juju takes the series a charm can run on into account.
With this I mean, if e.g. trusty is removed from a charm and a new version is uploaded (without trusty support) and on a trusty cloud I do a new installation of that charm, will juju then automatically pick the latest version that had trusty support, or do I need to explicitly tell it which version to use.
The same / similar question for this, is the scenario in which I run a juju upgrade-charm on a trusty cloud when some of the charms dropped trusty support. Will this result in error / failure messages, or will juju consider the fact that there are no new updates available with trusty support.
Yes, it should work as you think it should. The series is accounted for and it’s the series of the machine it’s on (for the upgrade-charm scenario) and so to get to a charm that drops trusty support you’d first need to upgrade all the machines using juju upgrade-series and then you’d be able to upgrade the charm which dropped support for the older series.