Background and Motivation
Applications may have endpoints bound to specific network spaces such that communication about and across those endpoints take place on the specified network segments.
This is done at deploy time with the --bind argument to juju deploy. Once application is deployed, this binding has traditionally been fixed. The juju bind command allows you to change an application’s endpoint bindings.
Limitations
Endpoints may only be moved from one space to another if the machines the units of the application are on have access to those spaces.
Juju will not mutate the machine definitions in any way to enable this.
It might be that the operator is looking to move an endpoint from one space to another, or to set a new endpoint to a specific space and the bind command allows these changes to take place.
Example usage
This example makes use of the cs:~juju-qa/space-defender and cs:~juju-qa/space-invader charms. These are used to test functionality, but don’t implement any functionality for end users.
Assumptions
A controller within a MAAS cloud has been created with the juju bootstrap command. The underlying cloud needs to have multiple spaces.
Setting up the environment
Experimenting with juju bind requires setting up a model with machines that have multiple spaces.
Create the model
juju add-model bind-test
Add a machine with two NICs
This command only succeeds when
juju add-machine --constraints spaces=default,space-alt2
Juju will report that the machine has been created:
created machine 0
This report does not actually imply that a machine is available that satisfies the spaces constraint that you’ve specified. To do that, use the juju machines command (or, alternatively, juju status).
juju machines
If you see a message like the following, you will need to re-configure your MAAS cloud:
Machine State DNS Inst id Series AZ Message
0 down pending bionic cannot match subnets to zones: space "space-alt2" not found
Deploy charms
Deploy ~juju-qa/space-defender to containers:
juju deploy cs:~juju-qa/bionic/space-defender-0 \
--to lxd:0 \
--bind "default defend-b=space-alt2"
juju deploy cs:~juju-qa/bionic/space-invader-1 \
--to lxd:0 \
--bind "invade-a=default invade-b=space-alt2"
Monitor progress
In new terminals, it’s possible to track what the state of the database is by using th juju debug-log command:
juju debug-log --include space-defender --level INFO
juju debug-log --include space-invader --level INFO
Add relations
Move back to the first terminal and elate the charms:
juju relate space-defender:defend-a space-invader:invade-a
juju relate space-defender:defend-b space-invader:invade-b
You will notice that the “relation-changed” events in the logs. Data passed via the relation will appear in the console windows. In all examples, you should notice the space-defender application receive a “config-changed” hook while, the space-invader application receiving a “relation-changed” hook for “invade-a”.
Re-bind an endpoint
This must be run before the machine for space-defender (0/lxd/0) boots up.
To update an endpoint default binding for a deployed application, provide it as an argument:
juju bind space-defender defend-a=space-alt2
Produces the output:
ERROR merging application bindings: changing default space to "default" is not feasible: one or more deployed machines lack an address in this space
Re-bind with --force
The juju bind command will check to make sure that addresses are configured within the space. If you wish to proceed even when this check fails, add the --force option.
juju bind space-defender defend-a=space-alt2 --force
Produces:
Updating endpoint "defend-a" from "default" to "space-alt2"
Leaving endpoint in "space-alt2": defend-b
Juju bind default behaviour
Running juju bind without arguments describes the current endpoint bindings:
$ juju bind space-defender
Leaving endpoints in "space-alt2": defend-a, defend-b
Using Juju bind to change default space for an application
$ juju bind space-defender defend-a=default
Updating endpoint "defend-a" from "space-alt2" to "default"
Updating endpoint "defend-b" from "space-alt2" to "default"
$ juju bind space-defender space-alt2
Updating endpoint "defend-a" from "default" to "space-alt2"
Updating endpoint "defend-b" from "default" to "space-alt2"